Scope
of Activities & Working Areas:
P&U’s consulting services are mainly comprised of Expert Witnessing,
Review, Follow-up, Inspections, Testing, Analysis, Interpretation, Appraisal,
Surveillance, Survey, Audit, Assessment, Evaluation, Prediction, Investigation,
Troubleshooting, Development of Specification, Procedure, and Policy &
Philosophy in the following fields:
Risk-Based
Inspection:
• To assist in RBI team organization.
• To provide expertise on corrosion/metallurgical engineering aspects.
• To assist in planning RBI assessment.
• To assist in collect data & information for RBI assessment.
• To identify deterioration mechanisms and failure modes.
• To assist in introducing inspection program.
• To assist in assessing probability of failure.
• To assist in assessing consequences of failures.
• To assist in risk determination.
• To assist in other risk mitigation activities.
• To assist in reassessment and updating RBI.
• To assist in introducing RBI software.
Root Cause Failure Analysis, Metallurgical
Evaluation, Material Testing & Corrosion Testing:
•
To review prevailing process/environment.
• To review material of construction & design.
• To review inspection history.
• To perform non-destructive testing.
• To perform mechanical testing, chemical analysis & metallurgical
testing.
• To determine failure mode.
• To identify corrosion phenomenon.
• To establish failure causes.
• To recommend short and long-term remedial solutions.
Turnaround/Shutdown
Inspection for Witnessing Critical Corrosion Problems:
• To conduct internal, external inspections of static equipment for
finding/locating signs of unforeseen material deterioration/damage that
may include accelerated metal thinning, localized corrosion, cracking, erosion,
wear, fouling, scaling, deposits, bulging, lining failure and coking for
predicting their future course.
• To identify the deteriorations, to suggest for detailed inspections,
to highlight possible causes and to recommend appropriate mitigation measures.
• To analyze and to evaluate deposits/scale/corrosion products.
• To coordinate with NDT group for interpreting inspection results.
• To interface with maintenance personnel for providing expert opinions
and technical support on inspection/corrosion control activities.
Downhole
Well Tubing Corrosion Control:
•
To review operational & process parameters, production chemistry, tube
metallurgy, tube design and inspection & maintenance history.
• To review effects of CO2, H2S, water, oxygen, pH, crude corrosivity,
sand, bacteria, corrosion products, scales and erosional factor for analysis.
• To review corrosion inhibitor treatment program, to highlight its
extent effectiveness and to suggest for ways for its improvement.
• To review corrosion monitoring scheme, to highlight extent of its
effectiveness and to suggest for ways for improvement.
• To highlight likelihood of failures due to associated damage mechanisms
such as general corrosion localized corrosion, sulfide stress corrosion,
galvanic corrosion, microbiologically induced corrosion & erosion, to
recommend appropriate corrosion mitigation measures and to assist in implementing
the measures.
Flow-lines
& Downhole Well Tubing Corrosion & Life Prediction:
•
To estimate corrosion rates at different tube depth, pH, pitting corrosion,
API erosional velocities, oil velocity, gas velocity, water velocity, well-tube
failure risk, well-tube life & alternative tube metallurgy with life-cycle
with the help of software tools.
Petroleum Distillation Column Overhead Corrosion
Control:
•
To review operational & process parameters, overhead section chemistry,
production chemistry, overhead section metallurgy and inspection & maintenance
history.
• To review crude chemistry.
• To review desalter operation from salt removal point of view.
• To review presence of HCl, H2O & pH in over-head section.
• To review analyses of corrosion products and scales found in overhead
section.
• To review corrosion inhibitor treatment program, to highlight its
extent effectiveness and to suggest for ways for its improvement.
• To review corrosion monitoring scheme, to highlight extent of its
effectiveness and to suggest for ways for improvement.
• To highlight likelihood of failures due to associated damage mechanisms
such as general corrosion, localized corrosion, sulfide stress corrosion,
galvanic corrosion, microbiologically induced corrosion & erosion, to
recommend appropriate corrosion mitigation measures and to assist in implementing
the measures..
Boiler
System Corrosion:
•
To review boiler system’s operational & process parameters, water
chemistry, water & steam properties, system metallurgy (boilers, piping,
deareators, feedwater system), design and inspection & maintenance history.
• To review existing corrosion inhibitor injection program, to highlight
its extent effectiveness and to suggest for ways for its improvement.
• To review inhibitor MSDS, physical character, solubility/dispersibility
behavior, compatibility with other injection chemicals, performance tests,
application strategy, injection equipment, injection methods, dosing rates,
sampling points, sampling procedure, sampling schedule and quality control
tests.
• To highlight risk involved in using exiting corrosion inhibitor
to the system and to environment on disposal.
• To prepare cost & benefits of the inhibitors.
• To assist in selecting/introducing new corrosion inhibitor.
• To assist in designing new corrosion inhibitor injection program.
• To develop manual, policy and philosophy for corrosion inhibitor
injection.
• To review dosing chemical treatment program, to highlight its extent
of effectiveness and to suggest for ways for its improvement.
• To highlight risk involved (unforeseen problems) with existing chemicals.
• To highlight likelihood of failures due to associated damage mechanisms
such as general corrosion, oxygen attack, carbon dioxide attack, galvanic
corrosion, caustic corrosion, acidic corrosion, hydrogen Damage, acid attack
and stress corrosion cracking to recommend appropriate mitigation measures
and to assist in implementing the measures.
• To review analysis of boiler scale, deposits on tube walls, and
to suggest its minimization.
• To review boiler chemical cleaning programs/schemes.
• To estimate water Langelier saturation index, Ryznar stability index,
amount of CaCO3 and corrosion rate for steel by using software tools.
Protective
Coating Systems:
•
To review specification existing protective coating system.
• To review existing service environments (may include marine, industrial,
chemicals, hydrocarbons and soil), temperature and of time of exposure.
• To review aggressiveness of service environment due to erosion,
corrosion, cavitation, wear, chemical attack and thermal cycle problems.
• To highlight likelihood of coating failure due associated attacks.
• To analyze coating failures that may include peeling-off, blistering,
flaking, perforations and cracks and to recommend appropriate mitigation
measures.
• To develop protective coating specifications may include zinc chromate,
epoxy, polyurethane, silicate, phenolic, coal tar, high-temperature systems,
fiber reinforced plastic lining, rubber lining, cement lining, HDPE membrane
system, maintenance coating system and underground tape wrapping systems.
• To perform facility condition assessment/surveys.
• To provide expert witnessing during coating application.
Aboveground
Storage Tank Mechanical Integrity:
•
To review tank construction, service, operational parameters, tank metallurgy,
tank construction, and inspection & maintenance history.
• To highlight likelihood of failures due to associated damage mechanisms
such as general corrosion, galvanic corrosion, and localized corrosion,
to recommend appropriate mitigation measures and to assist in implementing
the measures.
• To provide expert witnessing during conventional & advance NDT
techniques (visual, vacuum box, magnetic particle, A scan, B scan, C scan,
MFL, UT, helium, robotics, etc).
• To calculate tank floor and shell corrosion rates according to API
653 from the inspection data.
• To assist in recommending repair of the evaluation of the tank as
per API 653 guidelines.
•
To assist in preparing summary and recommendations based on a determination
of suitability of the tank for the intended service as per API 653 guidelines.
Aboveground Bulk Storage Tank Bottom Corrosion:
•
To review tank service parameters, service chemistry, tank metallurgy, tank
bottom design, tank foundation design and inspection & maintenance history.
• To review tank bottom protection scheme including cathodic protection
system (impressed current & sacrificial anode) and internal protective
coating/lining.
• To highlight likelihood of failures due to associated damage mechanisms
such as general corrosion localized corrosion,
galvanic corrosion and microbiologically induced corrosion & erosion,
to recommend appropriate corrosion mitigation measures and to assist in
implementing the measures.
• To provide expert witnessing during CP monitoring including Potential
measurements, DCVG, Close Interval Potential Survey (CIPS) and DC Voltage
Gradient Survey (DCVG) and to assist in analyzing CP survey results.
• To assist in construction of new CP system from design to commissioning
stage (impressed current & sacrificial anodes).
• To provide expert witnessing during testing and commissioning of
CP systems.
• To oversee operation & routine maintenance of existing CP systems.
• To perform CP data management, to analyze CP system and to optimize
the system requirements by using software tools.
Buried Pipeline External Corrosion:
•
To review pipeline metallurgy, design, construction, inspection & maintenance
history.
• To review pipeline protection scheme including cathodic protection
system (impressed current & sacrificial anode) and internal protective
coating/lining.
• To highlight likelihood of failures due to associated damage mechanisms
such as general corrosion localized corrosion,
galvanic corrosion and microbiologically induced corrosion & erosion,
to recommend appropriate corrosion mitigation measures and to assist in
implementing the measures.
•
To provide expert witnessing during CP monitoring including potential measurements,
Close Interval Potential Survey (CIPS) and DC Voltage Gradient Survey (DCVG),
Pearson Coating Survey (PCS) and to assist in analyzing CP survey results.
• To assist in construction of new CP system from design to commissioning
stage (impressed current & sacrificial anodes).
• To oversee operation & routine maintenance of existing CP systems.
Buried Pipeline Network External CP Optimization:
•
To perform CP data management, to analyze CP system and to optimize the
system for buried pipeline network by using software tools.
Internal
Cathodic Protection of Aboveground Bulk Water Steel Storage Tanks:
•
To provide assistance from design to commissioning of internal cathodic
protection of aboveground bulk water steel storage tanks.
Oilfield Corrosion Inhibitor
Injection:
•
To review existing corrosion inhibitor injection program used in oil and
gas production system, to highlight its extent effectiveness and to suggest
for ways for its improvement.
• To review operational & process parameters, production chemistry,
well-tube & flow-line metallurgy, mechanical design and inspection &
maintenance history.
• To review inhibitor MSDS, physical character, solubility/dispersibility
behavior, compatibility with other injection chemicals, performance tests,
application strategy, injection equipment, injection methods, dosing rates,
sampling points, sampling procedure, sampling schedule and quality control
tests.
• To review type of access fittings.
• To highlight risk involved in using exiting corrosion inhibitor
to the system and to environment on disposal.
• To review the inhibitor coverage and predicted corrosion rates.
• To prepare cost & benefits of the inhibitors.
• To assist in selecting new WLC & ERP.
• To assist in designing new corrosion monitoring program.
• To develop manual, policy and philosophy for corrosion monitoring
program.
Oilfield
Corrosion Weight Loss Coupons & Probes Management:
•
To review existing weight loss coupons (WLCs) & electric resistance
probes (ERPs) used in oil & gas production system for corrosion monitoring,
to highlight its extent effectiveness and to suggest for ways for its improvement.
• To review operational & process parameters, production chemistry,
flow regime, well-tube & flow-line metallurgy, mechanical design and
inspection & maintenance history.
• To review WLC & ERP types, positioning, compatibility with the
system, water cut, locations, retrieval periodicity, handling procedure,
• To assist in collecting, interpretation and evaluation of corrosion
monitoring results.
• To review corrosion rates and to carryout analysis.
• To correlate corrosion monitoring data to production and inspection
data. To identify most critical areas of internal corrosion sites, trends
where problems may be occurring that requires investigation.
• To assist in managing data storage associated with coupon installation
and removal stages
• To assist in compiling corrosion monitoring data and inspection
findings in common database.
• To assist in selecting/introducing new WLC & ERP.
• To assist in designing new WLC & ERP program.
• To develop manual, policy and philosophy for corrosion monitoring.
Relocation
of Used Plants:
•
To review operational & process parameters, metallurgy, mechanical design,
construction code, inspection & maintenance history.
• To conduct internal, external inspections of the plant for finding/locating
signs of material deterioration/damage that may include metal thinning,
localized corrosion, cracking, erosion, wear, fouling, scaling, deposits,
bulging, lining failure and coking.
• To identify the deteriorations, to suggest for detailed inspections
and to recommend appropriate mitigation measures.
Vendor
Surveillance:
•
To review specifications and procedures.
• To witness material testing.
• To review welder testing.
• To review welding procedure qualification.
• To witness Non-Destructive Testing.
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